The Potential of Edible Fern (Diplazium esculentum (Retz.) Sw.) Leaves Extract as an Oviposition Deterrent against Culex Mosquitoes
Potensi Ekstrak Daun Pakis (Diplazium esculentum (Retz.) Sw.) sebagai Oviposition Deterrent terhadap Nyamuk Culex sp.
Abstract
Nyamuk Culex sp. merupakan salah satu vektor penyakit yang berkembang biak dengan meletakkan telur di air tergenang. Salah satu strategi pengendalian populasi nyamuk ini adalah dengan menghambat proses oviposisi menggunakan bahan alami yang ramah lingkungan. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengevaluasi potensi ekstrak metanol daun pakis (Diplazium esculentum (Retz.) Sw.) sebagai agen penghambat peletakan telur (oviposition deterrent) terhadap nyamuk Culex sp. Ekstrak diperoleh melalui metode maserasi dan diuji dalam kandang khusus menggunakan enam cawan uji: satu kontrol negatif (akuades), satu kontrol positif (abate), dan empat perlakuan dengan konsentrasi 250, 500, 1000, dan 2000 ppm. Setelah 48 jam, jumlah telur dihitung dan dianalisis menggunakan persentase efektifitas daya tolak (ER) dan indeks aktivitas oviposisi (OAI). Hasil menunjukkan bahwa pada seluruh konsentrasi, ekstrak menunjukkan aktivitas oviposition deterrent yang sangat kuat, dengan nilai ER sebesar 100% dan OAI -1. Kandungan senyawa bioaktif seperti flavonoid, saponin, dan alkaloid diduga berperan dalam mengganggu reseptor penciuman nyamuk betina. Dengan demikian, D. esculentum berpotensi tinggi sebagai agen pengendali hayati nyamuk Culex sp. yang efektif, selektif, dan ramah lingkungan.
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