Analysis of Physical Workload of Oil Palm Harvesters at Different Plant Ages Using the Cardiovascular Load Method di Afdeling X PT. XYZ Regional X
Abstract
Oil palm age influences harvesting tools, working postures, and activities, potentially affecting harvesters’ physical workload. This study assessed physical workload and required rest time when harvesting 4- and 18-year-old palms using Cardiovascular Load (%CVL) and the Murrell equation. Seven harvesters from Afdeling X, PT XYZ Regional X, performed both harvesting tasks. This comparison used the same workers under both harvesting conditions. Resting and working pulse rates were measured using a pulse oximeter to estimate %CVL, energy expenditure, and rest requirements. Mean %CVL values were 37.76% for 4-year-old palms and 39.58% for 18-year-old palms; both indicated that improvements were needed. Energy expenditure averaged 5.59 and 5.90 kcal/min, respectively, while calculated rest times were 50.59 and 73.13 minutes. Harvesting older palms involved different tools and more demanding postures, resulting in greater physical workload. The findings suggest that rest schedules should reflect workers’ physiological demands to reduce fatigue and support safer harvesting practices.
References
M. K. Faudy and S. Sukanta, “Analisis Ergonomi Menggunakan Metode REBA Terhadap Postur Pekerja pada Bagian Penyortiran di Perusahaan Bata Ringan,” Go-Integratif: Jurnal Teknik Sistem dan Industri, vol. 3, no. 1, pp. 47–58, 2022, doi: https://doi.org/10.35261/gijtsi.v3i01.6540.
P. Fithri and W. F. Anisa, “Pengukuran Beban Kerja Psikologis dan Fisiologis Pekerja di Industri Tekstil,” Jurnal Optimasi Sistem Industri, vol. 16, no. 2, pp. 120–130, 2017, doi: https://doi.org/10.25077/josi.v16.n2.p120-130.2017.
D. Satria, Tiara, and T. Widjajanto, “Analisis Beban Kerja Fisik Menggunakan Metode Cardiovascular Load Dan Beban Kerja Mental Menggunakan Metode Rating Scale Mental Effort Pada PT Citra Abadi Sejati Bogor,” Jurnal Teknologi dan Manajemen, vol. 21, no. 1, pp. 25–34, 2023, doi: https://doi.org/10.52330/jtm.v21i1.77.
F. A. Kurniawan and N. Widajati, “Gambaran Beban Kerja Fisik Dengan Metode CVL Di PT. Albea Surabaya,” Jurnal Kesehatan Tambusai, vol. 6, no. 1, pp. 2513–2518, 2025, doi: https://doi.org/10.31004/jkt.v6i1.42835.
Hasyim and Hamzah, “Manajemen Kelelahan Ditempat Kerja,” Jurnal Kesehatan, vol. 13, doi: https://doi.org/10.35730/jk.v13i0.871.
A. A. Anwar and F. Yuamita, “Pengukuran Beban Kerja Fisik dan Mental Pada Pekerja Menggunakan Metode Cardiovascular Load (CVL) dan NASA-TLX,” Jurnal Teknik Industri, Bisnis Digital, dan Teknik Logistik (Trinistik), vol. 3, no. 2, pp. 87–94, 2025, doi: https://doi.org/10.20895/trinistik.v3i2.1448.
T. M. Sitorus, C. Novia, R. F. Lubis, and Zulhamidi, “Analisis Lama Waktu Istirahat Berdasarkan Beban Kerja Operator Trolley Dengan Pendekatan Fisiologis Pada Crumb Rubber Industry Di Sumatera Barat,” Jurnal Teknologi dan Manajemen, vol. 21, no. 2, pp. 123–128, 2023, doi: https://doi.org/10.52330/jtm.v21i2.123.
L. D. Fathimahhayati, T. A. Pawitra, and T. B. Purnomo, “Optimalisasi Waktu Istirahat Berdasarkan Tingkat Beban Kerja Fisiologis (Studi Kasus: CV Eja Nursery, Kutai Kartanegara),” Jurnal Media Teknik dan Sistem Industri, vol. 7, no. 2, p. 112, 2023, doi: https://doi.org/10.35194/jmtsi.v7i2.3245.
S. Munte, C. F. Hasibuan, and S. B. Lubis, “Analisis Pengukuran Beban Kerja dengan Menggunakan Cardiovascular Load (CVL) pada PT. XYZ,” Journal of Industrial and Manufacture Engineering, vol. 5, no. 1, pp. 65–71, 2021, doi: https://doi.org/10.31289/jime.v5i1.5054.
D. A. Susanti and D. Pangesti, “Analisis Beban Kerja Fisik Menggunakan Metode Cardiovascular Load (CVL) pada Area Finishing (Studi Kasus di Salah Satu Perusahaan Logam di Klaten, Jawa Tengah),” IEJST (Industrial Engineering Journal of the University of Sarjanawiyata Tamansiswa), vol. 5, no. 1, pp. 13–18, 2021, doi: https://doi.org/10.30738/iejst.v5i1.10432.
M. V. Putri, “Penerapan Metode Cardiovascular Load (CVL) Dalam Analisis Beban Kerja Operator,” Jurnal Pendidikan Teknologi Informasi dan Vokasional, vol. 2, no. 2, pp. 42–49, 2020, doi: https://doi.org/10.23960/jptiv.v2i2.24900.
A. Yasmin, S. R. Rizalmi, and Muqimuddin, “Analisis Beban Kerja Menggunakan Cardiovascular Load, Konsumsi Oksigen dan Heart Rate Variability Pada Karyawan Bongkar Muat,” Journal of Manufacturing in Industrial Engineering & Technology (MINE-TECH), vol. 2, no. 1, pp. 1–8, 2023, doi: https://doi.org/10.30651/mine-tech.v2i1.18536.
L. D. Fathimahhayati, T. Amelia, and A. N. Syeha, “Analisis Beban Kerja Fisiologi pada Proses Pembuatan Tahu Berdasarkan Konsumsi Energi (Studi Kasus: UD. Lancar Abadi Samarinda),” Jurnal INTECH Teknik Industri Universitas Serang Raya, vol. 5, no. 2, pp. 100–106, 2019, doi: https://doi.org/10.30656/intech.v5i2.1695.
Y. Hidjrawan, I. Irwanda, and M. Marlinda, “Pengukuran Beban Kerja Operator Boiler Berdasarkan Denyut Nadi Melalui Pendekatan Fisiologis di PT. Beurata Subur Persada,” Jurnal Optimalisasi, vol. 8, no. 1, p. 106, 2022, doi: https://doi.org/10.35308/jopt.v8i1.5346.
M. A. Muzakiki, A. W. Rizqi, and E. D. Priyana, “Analisis Beban Kerja Fisiologis Pada Karyawan Bongkar Muat Bahan Bangunan Dengan Metode CVL Dan Konsumsi Kalori,” Jurnal Teknik Industri: Jurnal Hasil Penelitian dan Karya Ilmiah dalam Bidang Teknik Industri, vol. 9, no. 2, p. 447, 2023, doi: https://doi.org/10.24014/jti.v9i2.23051.
T. M. Sitorus, R. F. Lubis, and B. Tamami, “Measurement of the Physiological Workload of Sorting Station Operators in A Palm Oil Processing Factory,” IJIEM - Indonesian Journal of Industrial Engineering and Management, vol. 5, no. 3, pp. 861–866, 2025, doi: https://doi.org/10.22441/ijiem.v5i3.25071.
Y. G. Ng et al., “Risk factors of musculoskeletal disorders among oil palm fruit harvesters during early harvesting stage,” Annals of Agricultural and Environmental Medicine, vol. 22, no. 2, pp. 286–292, 2015, doi: https://doi.org/10.5604/12321966.1152101.
N. S. M. Nawi, B. M. Deros, and N. Nordin, “Assessment of Oil Palm Fresh Fruit Bunches Harvesters Working Postures Using REBA,” Advanced Engineering Forum, vol. 10, pp. 122–127, 2013, doi: https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/AEF.10.122.
I. Kuorinka et al., “Standardised Nordic questionnaires for the analysis of musculoskeletal symptoms,” Appl. Ergon., vol. 18, no. 3, pp. 233–237, 1987, doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/0003-6870(87)90010-X.
Z. F. Rosyada, H. Prastawa, M. F. Hidayah, and E. P. Nurlaili, “Desain Pola Istirahat Pekerja Sesing dengan Pendekatan Fisiologis untuk Meningkatkan Produktivitas,” J@ti Undip: Jurnal Teknik Industri, vol. 16, no. 1, pp. 10–20, 2021, doi: https://doi.org/10.14710/jati.16.1.10-20.
















