Jurnal Industri Samudra

Analysis of Physical Workload of Oil Palm Harvesters at Different Plant Ages Using the Cardiovascular Load Method di Afdeling X PT. XYZ Regional X

Dwi Nirmalasari Manurung, Fatimah Fatimah — Sat, 10 Oct 2026 16:28:16 +0000

Oil palm age influences harvesting tools, working postures, and activities, potentially affecting harvesters’ physical workload. This study assessed physical workload and required rest time when harvesting 4- and 18-year-old palms using Cardiovascular Load (%CVL) and the Murrell equation. Seven harvesters from Afdeling X, PT XYZ Regional X, performed both harvesting tasks. This comparison used the same workers under both harvesting conditions. Resting and working pulse rates were measured using a pulse oximeter to estimate %CVL, energy expenditure, and rest requirements. Mean %CVL values were 37.76% for 4-year-old palms and 39.58% for 18-year-old palms; both indicated that improvements were needed. Energy expenditure averaged 5.59 and 5.90 kcal/min, respectively, while calculated rest times were 50.59 and 73.13 minutes. Harvesting older palms involved different tools and more demanding postures, resulting in greater physical workload. The findings suggest that rest schedules should reflect workers’ physiological demands to reduce fatigue and support safer harvesting practices.

Raw Material Inventory Control Using the POQ Method for Cost Efficiency at SPPG Kota Siantar

Ryan Farel, Diana Khairani Sofyan, Trisna — Sat, 10 Oct 2026 16:35:06 +0000

Effective inventory management is crucial for the operational continuity of service units, including the Nutrition Fulfillment Service Unit (SPPG) that implements the Free Nutritious Meal (MBG) Program. The Siantar City SPPG faces issues with poorly scheduled ordering patterns for raw materials—specifically rice and cooking oil—resulting in excessive ordering frequency, inflated transportation and administrative costs, and inventory accumulation in the warehouse. This study aims to determine the optimal order quantity, optimal ordering period, and Total Inventory Cost (TIC) by employing the Periodic Order Quantity (POQ) method in conjunction with calculations for Economic Order Quantity (EOQ), Safety Stock, and Reorder Point (ROP). The data utilized includes consumption figures, incoming stock, raw material prices, ordering costs, and lead times recorded from January to February 2026. The results indicate an optimal order quantity of 1,960.86 kg for rice and 1,236.45 liters for cooking oil, with optimal ordering intervals of 13 and 18 working days, respectively. Implementing the POQ method yields a Total Inventory Cost of Rp555,571.51 for rice and Rp370,847.50 for cooking oil—a combined total of Rp926,419.01—which is significantly lower than the organization's actual cost of Rp2,816,999.40. Consequently, the POQ method achieves a total inventory cost saving of Rp1,890,580.39, or 67.1%, compared to the Siantar City SPPG's actual ordering policy.

Mapping of Musculoskeletal Complaints Among Maintenance Technicians Using the Nordic Body Map at PT Indocement Tunggal Prakarsa Tbk

Dina Rahmayanti, Yumi Meuthia, Sami Dinata — Sat, 10 Oct 2026 00:00:00 +0000

This study aims to map the location and intensity of subjective musculoskeletal complaints among technicians at Workshop Plant 5 of PT Indocement Tunggal Prakarsa Tbk using the Nordic Body Map (NBM). A quantitative descriptive approach was applied to questionnaire data collected from five technicians over three working days, covering 28 body regions. Of the 420 responses, 349 (83.10%) indicated no pain, while 71 (16.90%) reported mild pain, with no moderate or severe complaints. Four technicians (80%) reported at least one mild complaint. The highest proportions of mild pain were found in the left and right thighs, knees, and calves, each accounting for 7 of 15 responses (46.67%), followed by the lower neck and back, each with 5 of 15 responses (33.33%), and the left and right shoulders, each with 4 of 15 responses (26.67%). These findings describe the distribution of subjective complaints and help identify priority body regions for further ergonomic evaluation. This study did not assess postural risks, diagnose musculoskeletal disorders, or examine associations between complaints and work activities. Literature-based improvement proposals require further feasibility assessment in the workplace.

Effectiveness Analysis Of A Centrifugal Pump In The Wax Ester Preparation Process Of Fatty Alcohol Production Using Overall Equipment Effectiveness

Alfian Mahendra, Prasetyo Prasetyo,, Khariul Anshar — Sat, 10 Oct 2026 17:26:52 +0000

The reliability of production machinery determines process continuity, operational efficiency, and product quality in the oleochemical industry, particularly in the wax ester preparation stage of fatty alcohol production. This study analyzes the effectiveness of a centrifugal pump in the wax ester preparation unit using Overall Equipment Effectiveness (OEE) and identifies the causes of low machine effectiveness using a fishbone diagram. Data were collected from machine operating records for August 2025–January 2026, including machine working time, planned and unplanned downtime, and production volume. The results show an average availability rate of 91.99%, a performance rate of 84.61%, and a quality rate of 100%, yielding an OEE of 77.83%, which is below the world-class standard of the Japan Institute of Plant Maintenance (JIPM) of 85%. Planned downtime (226 hours) reduces loading time and is not a direct cause of the low performance rate, whereas failure and repair time (310 hours) lowered availability in three of the six months. The fishbone analysis identified five main groups of causes, namely man, method, environment, material, and machine, with delayed fault handling, inappropriate maintenance scheduling, and machine condition deterioration as the prominent causes. The study recommends strengthening preventive maintenance and checking component service life to improve the reliability of centrifugal pumps in fatty alcohol production.

Quality Assurance Strategy for Higher Education Based on Student Preferences Through CE-QFD Approach

Mahrani Arfah, Yustiar Gunawan , I Wayan Gede Suharta Dewantara — Sat, 10 Oct 2026 00:00:00 +0000

Competition among private universities (PTS) and implementation of the Minister of Education and Science Regulation No. 39 of 2025 require a guarantee strategy for better quality, responsive to students' preferences. This research aims to identify need student as voice of the customer, map the connection between student needs (WHATs) and institutional development strategies (HOWs) through the House of Quality, and integrate the principles of Concurrent Engineering and Quality Function Deployment (CE-QFD) in determining priority technical development quality. Research use approach descriptive-quantitative with a case at the Islamic University of North Sumatra involving 395 students as respondents. Data were analyzed through compilation matrix HoQ and calculations weight priority technical for determine the main development strategy. The results show that the development strategy for education, improvement quality source Power humans, as well as strengthening finance and infrastructure become priority in fulfilling students' preferences. The integration of CE-QFD results in a systematic way that allows synchronization of students with taking decision institutional in a simultaneous and cross-functional way, so that support formulation of a guaranteed strategy for quality education tall based on student.

Waste Analysis and 5S-Based Improvement Proposals in UPVC Bathroom Door Production

Mon, 12 Oct 2026 06:03:38 +0000

The production process of UPVC bathroom doors at Sinar UPVC still faces various wastes that cause low work efficiency. Problems found include unsystematic arrangement of tools and materials, waiting time during the production process, and operator movements that do not provide added value. These conditions have an impact on increasing production time and reducing company productivity. This study aims to identify waste that occurs in the production process, determine the dominant types of waste, and analyze the root causes of waste as a basis for preparing improvement proposals. The research method used is the Lean Manufacturing approach with the application of 5S (Seiri, Seiton, Seiso, Seiketsu, and Shitsuke). Data collection was carried out through direct observation, interviews, documentation, and measurement of process time. Data analysis included waste identification, data adequacy and uniformity tests, Flow Process Charts (FPC), and Fishbone Diagrams to determine the root causes of waste. The results showed that the dominant wastes were motion and waiting. After the implementation of the 5S-based improvement proposals, motion waste decreased by 50.00%, while waiting waste decreased by 53.85%. These improvements also increased production process efficiency by 16.67%. Thus, implementing the 5S method has been proven to reduce waste, improve work area conditions, and increase production efficiency at Sinar UPVC.

Evaluation Of Behavior-Based Safety Implementation To Support Safety Culture At PT. Pertamina Hulu Rokan Rantau Field

Ryan Pramanda, Gibran Al Farisi — Mon, 12 Oct 2026 09:39:40 +0000

Occupational safety in the oil and gas industry requires continuous evaluation of workers' behavior and workplace conditions. This study aims to evaluate Behavior-Based Safety (BBS) implementation in identifying safety behaviors, workplace conditions, and the follow-up of safety findings at the Production Gathering Center (PPP) of PT Pertamina Hulu Rokan Rantau Field. A quantitative descriptive approach was applied using secondary company data, including BBS observation checklists and safety reports. The analysis included BBS classification, Antecedent-Behavior-Consequence (ABC) analysis, and follow-up status evaluation. All 10 checklist indicators were classified as safe (100%), with 0% unsafe. Of 3,343 BBS findings, 1,891 (56.57%) were Safe Actions, 1,143 (34.19%) Unsafe Conditions, 267 (7.99%) Safe Conditions, and 42 (1.26%) Unsafe Actions. ABC analysis identified supervision, safety training, reminders, and safety communication as factors associated with safe behavior. Of 2,870 safety reports, 2,812 (97.98%) were Closed, while 58 (2.02%) remained In Progress. These findings indicate that BBS supports safety evaluation, although unsafe workplace conditions and incomplete corrective actions require continued attention

Business Development Strategies for a Traditional Food SME Using BMC, SWOT, and QSPM

Difana Meilani, Atikah Amatullah — Tue, 13 Oct 2026 04:48:51 +0000

Indonesian SMEs contribute to employment but face management and marketing challenges. Rakik Kacang Amai Baja, a traditional Minangkabau peanut cracker producer in Payakumbuh, faces declining production, limited distribution, and underused digital marketing. This study develops strategies to expand market reach and competitiveness using the Business Model Canvas (BMC), SWOT, Internal Factor Evaluation (IFE), External Factor Evaluation (EFE), Internal–External (IE) matrix, and Quantitative Strategic Planning Matrix (QSPM). Data were obtained through interviews, observations, questionnaires, sales records, and literature. IFE and EFE scores of 2.98 and 3.29 placed the business in IE Cell II (grow and build). SWOT identified intensive, integration, and diversification strategies. QSPM prioritized intensive strategies (TAS 7.120), followed by integration (6.278) and diversification (6.076). Recommendations include improving branding, distribution, product quality, customer service, loyalty, and packaging. The proposed BMC addresses value propositions, customer relationships, channels, and customer segments to support sustainable business development.

Effect of Pyrolysis Temperature on Changes in Mass, Dimensions, and Morphology of Cellulose Nanocrystal-Based Carbon

Mahyuni Harahap, Muhammad Balyan, Sahat Fernando Bakara — Tue, 13 Oct 2026 06:25:53 +0000

Cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) offer renewable alternatives to conventional carbon precursors. This study examined how pyrolysis temperature affects the mass, dimensions (diameter and thickness), and surface morphology of CNC-derived carbon. CNCs with 80% crystallinity were compressed into 13 mm films under 10 tons of pressure and pyrolyzed at 300, 600, and 900 °C under nitrogen at 10 °C/min. Mass and dimensional changes were measured, and morphology was examined using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Mass loss increased from 49.1% at 300 °C to 73.7% at 600 °C and 76.0% at 900 °C. Diameter and thickness also decreased, with the largest changes occurring between 300 and 600 °C and smaller changes thereafter, suggesting that most thermal decomposition occurred before 600 °C. Carbon appeared chunk-like at 300 °C, porous at 600 °C, and denser, ordered, and flake-like at 900 °C. These findings provide an overview of CNC behavior and morphology as biomass-based carbon precursors

Analysis of Open Top Roller Machine Effectiveness and Identification of Six Big Losses at PT Perkebunan Nusantara IV Regional IV Unit Usaha Danau Kembar

Taufik, Felisha Putri Hadi, Wisnel — Tue, 13 Oct 2026 16:50:17 +0000

The six-unit Open Top Roller (OTR) system at the milling station of PT Perkebunan Nusantara IV Regional IV Unit Usaha Danau Kembar recorded 43 failure events and accumulated 519 machine-hours of downtime, yet its effectiveness and performance losses had not been comprehensively measured. The objective of this study was to measure the effectiveness of the OTR system using Overall Equipment Effectiveness (OEE), identify losses through the six big losses framework, establish priority causes, and develop maintenance improvement proposals. A quantitative descriptive method was employed by calculating machine-hour-based OEE, analyzing six big losses, identifying causes through fishbone diagrams, and establishing priorities using Failure Mode and Effects Analysis (FMEA), critical values, and cross-functional validation. The results showed an average OEE of 66.75%, comprising 96.52% availability, 69.18% performance efficiency, and a 100% quality rate for OTR outputs accepted for subsequent processing, while reduced speed losses constituted the largest measurable loss at 29.77%, with nine priority causes identified. These results indicate that high operating-time availability has not been accompanied by output achievement at the ideal capacity because process speed, machine-condition recording, maintenance activities, initial inspections, and workplace cleanliness have not been controlled consistently. The findings demonstrate that improvements to the OTR system should focus on controlling reduced speed losses and equipment failure losses through five proposed improvement instruments: an OTR component inspection and maintenance interval standard, an OTR operational readiness checksheet, an OTR machine and workplace cleaning checksheet, a standard operating procedure for raw material preparation and cleaning, and an OTR speed and stability monitoring checksheet.