Analisis Terhadap Diversitas Top Manajeman Tim (TMT) Pada BUMN Holding Di Indonesia
Keywords:
BUMN Holding dan keragaman TMT.
Abstract
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis keragaman Top Management Team (TMT) pada BUMN Holding di Indonesia dengan menggunakan dimensi demografi sederhana dan demografi relasional yang meliputi jenis kelamin, usia, etnik, masa jabatan, pendidikan formal dan pengalaman fungsional. Teknik analisis menggunakan Structural Equetion Model (SEM) with SmartPLS.Jumlah sample sebanyak 40 perusahaan yang telah bergabung menjadi 4 BUMN Holding di Indonesia. Responden penelitian adalah para direktur perusahaan, satu perusahaan diwakili oleh satu direktur. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa jenis kelamin menjadi satu-satunya dimensi yang tidak signifikan dalam membentuk TMT Diversity BUMN Holding di Indonesia. Implikasinya, pada kasus BUMN Holding, tidak menjadi persoalan jika komposisi TMT jenis kelamin seragam. Sedangkan yang harus beragam adalah dimensi yang signifikan yakni usia, etnik, masa jabatan, pendidikan formal dan pengalaman fungsional. Mengingat pentingnya peran BUMN dalam proses pembangunan nasional, maka diperlukan kajian lanjutan pada objek yang sama dengan lokus penelitian seluruh level manajemen.
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Ling, Y., Wei, L., Klimoski, R. J., & Wu, L. (2015). Benefiting from CEO’s empowerment of TMTs: Does CEO-TMT dissimilarity matter? Leadership Quarterly, 26(6), 1066–1079. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.leaqua.2015.07.006
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Ringle, C. M., & Wende, S. Will, A. (2005). SmartPLS 2.0.
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van Knippenberg, D., Dawson, J. F., West, M. A., & Homan, A. C. (2011). Diversity faultlines, shared objectives, and top management team performance. Human Relations, 64(3), 307–336. https://doi.org/10.1177/0018726710378384
Ward, A. J., Lankau, M. J., Amason, A. C., Sonnenfeld, J. A., & Agle, B. R. (2007). Improving the performance of top management teams. Mit Sloan Management Review, 48(3), 85-+. Retrieved from wos:000245862300014
Wetzels, M., Odekerken-Schroder, G., & van Oppen, C. (2009). Using PLS Path Modelling for Assessing Hierarchical Construct Models: Guidelines and Empirical Illustration. Management Information Systems Research Center, 33(1), 177–195.
Wiersema, M. F., & Bantel, K. a. (2010). Top Management Team Demography and. Management, 35(1), 91–121. https://doi.org/10.2307/256474
Yang, L., & Wang, D. (2014). The impacts of top management team characteristics on entrepreneurial strategic orientation: The moderating effects of industrial environment and corporate ownership. Management Decision (Vol. 52). https://doi.org/10.1108/MD-03-2013-0140
Zhang, X., Ma, X., Wang, Y., & Wang, Y. (2014). How can emerging market small and medium-sized enterprises maximise internationalisation benefits? The moderating effect of organisational flexibility. International Small Business Journal, 32(6), 667–692. https://doi.org/10.1177/0266242613503356
Bakas, F. E. (2017). ‘A beautiful mess’: Reciprocity and positionality in gender and tourism research. Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Management, 33, 126–133. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhtm.2017.09.009
Barker, V. L., Patterson, P. W., & Mueller, G. C. (2001). Organizational causes and strategic consequences of the extent of top management team replacement during turnaround attempts. Journal of Management Studies, 38(2), 235–269. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-6486.00235
Camelo, C., Fernández‐alles, M., Hernández, A. B., & Fernández-Alles, M. (2017). International Journal of Manpower Strategic consensus, top management teams, and innovation performance) “Strategic consensus, top management teams, and innovation performance” Strategic consensus, top management teams, and innovation performance. International Journal of Manpower Journal of Management Development European Journal of Innovation Management, 31(19), 678–695. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1108/01437721011073373705
Carpenter, M. A., Geletkancz, M. A., & Sanders, W. G. (2004). Upper echelons research revisited: Antecedents, elements, and consequences of top management team composition. Journal of Management. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jm.2004.06.001
Carpenter, M. A., & Sanders, G. (2002). Top management team compensation: The missing link between CEO pay and firm performance? Strategic Management Journal. https://doi.org/10.1002/smj.228
Certo, S. T., Lester, R. H., Dalton, C. M., & Dalton, D. R. (2006). Top management teams, strategy and financial performance: A meta-analytic examination. Journal of Management Studies, 43(4), 813–839. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-6486.2006.00612.x
Chen, J., & Nadkarni, S. (2017). It’s about Time! CEOs’ Temporal Dispositions, Temporal Leadership, and Corporate Entrepreneurship. Administrative Science Quarterly, 62(1), 31–66. https://doi.org/10.1177/0001839216663504
Chin, W. W. (1998). The Partial Least Squares Approach to Structural Equation Modeling. New Jersey: Psychology Press.
Creswell, J. W. (2014). Research Design: Qualitative, Quantitative and Mixed Methods Approaches (4th ed.). London: Sage.
Finkelstein, S., Hambrick, D. C., & Cannella, A. A. (2009). Strategic Leadership: Theory and Research on Executives, Top Management Teams, and Boards. Theory and research on executives, top management teams, and boards. Retrieved from http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/224445907
Gagliarducci, S., & Paserman, M. D. (2014). The Effect of Female Leadership on Establishment and Employee Outcomes : Evidence from Linked Employer-Employee Data . ∗.
Gallén, T. (2009). Top management team composition and views of viable strategies. Team Performance Management, 15(7/8), 326–342. https://doi.org/10.1108/13527590911002113
Ghozali, I. (2014). SEM Metode Alternatif dengan menggunakan Partial Least Squares (PLS). Semarang: Badan Penerbit Universitas Diponegoro.
Ghozali, Imam. (2011). “Aplikasi Analisis Multivariate Dengan Program SPSS.” Semarang: Badan Penerbit Universitas Diponegoro.
Graffin, S. D., Carpenter, M. A., & Boivie, S. (2011). What’s all that (strategic) noise? Anticipatory impression management in CEO succession. Strategic Management Journal, 32(7), 748–770. https://doi.org/10.1002/smj.906
Hambrick, D. C. (2016). Upper Echelons Theory. In The Palgrave Encyclopedia of Strategic Management (pp. 1–5). https://doi.org/10.1057/978-1-349-94848-2_785-1
Hambrick, D. C., & Mason, P. a. (1984). Echelons : of Reflection The Its Organization as Top a. Management, 9(2), 193–206. https://doi.org/10.2307/258434
Harrison, D. A., & Klein, K. J. (2007). What’s the difference? Diversity constructs as separation, variety, or disparity in organizations. Academy of Management Review, 32(4), 1199–1228. https://doi.org/10.5465/AMR.2007.26586096
Hitt, M. A., Ireland, R. D., & Hoskisson, R. E. Strategic management: competitiveness & globalization: concepts and cases, Case 17 Starbucks Corporation: The New S-Curves 223–236 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781107415324.004
Jurkus, A., Park, J., & Woodard, L. (2011). Women in top management and agency costs. Journal of Business Research, 64(2), 180–186. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2009.12.010
Kilduff, M., Angelmar, R., & Mehra, A. (2000). Top Management-Team Diversity and Firm Performance: Examining the Role of Cognitions. Organization Science, 11(1), 21–34. https://doi.org/10.1287/orsc.11.1.21.12569
Klenke, K. (2003). Gender influences in decision‐making processes in top management teams. Management Decision, 41(10), 1024–1034. https://doi.org/10.1108/00251740310509553
Li, D., Eden, L., Hitt, M. A., Ireland, R. D., Sebaa, A. A., Wallace, J., … Raver, J. L. (2008). Strategic consensus, top management teams, and innovation performance. Leadership & Organization Development Journal, 29(4), 340–358. https://doi.org/10.1108/01437721011073373
Li, P.-Y. (2017). The impact of the top management teams’ knowledge and experience on strategic decisions and performance. Journal of Management & Organization, 23(04), 504–523. https://doi.org/10.1017/jmo.2016.24
Ling, Y., Wei, L., Klimoski, R. J., & Wu, L. (2015). Benefiting from CEO’s empowerment of TMTs: Does CEO-TMT dissimilarity matter? Leadership Quarterly, 26(6), 1066–1079. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.leaqua.2015.07.006
Morgan, J. and Vardy, F. (2009). (Diversity in the workplace. The American Economic Review, 99(1), 472-485.
Naresh, M. (2010). Marketing Research: An Applied Orientation (6* edition). Pearson Education.
Nielsen, S. (2010a). Top management team diversity: A review of theories and methodologies. International Journal of Management Reviews. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2370.2009.00263.x
Nielsen, S. (2010b). Top Management Team Internationalization and Firm Performance The Mediating Role of Foreign Market Entry, 185–206. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11575-010-0029-0
Ozgen, C., Nijkamp, P., and Poot, J. (n.d.). The impact of cultural diversity on innovation: Evidence from dutch firm-level data. IZA Discussion Papers.
Park, S., & Cho, Y. J. (2014). The Influence of Executive Selection Factors on the Performance of Public Sector Organizations in Korea. Public Performance & Management Review, 37(3), 412–440. https://doi.org/10.2753/PMR1530-9576370304
Rencana Strategis Deputi Bidang Usaha Energi, Logistik, Kawasan, D. P. (n.d.). No Title. Kementerian Badan Usaha Milik Negara Republik Indonesia.
Ringle, C. M., & Wende, S. Will, A. (2005). SmartPLS 2.0.
Sugiyono. (2010). Statistika Untuk Penelitian. Bandung: Alfabeta.
Tenenhaus, M., & Esposito, V. (2005). PLS path modeling. Computational Statistics & Data Analysis, 48, 159–205. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.csda.2004.03.005
van Knippenberg, D., Dawson, J. F., West, M. A., & Homan, A. C. (2011). Diversity faultlines, shared objectives, and top management team performance. Human Relations, 64(3), 307–336. https://doi.org/10.1177/0018726710378384
Ward, A. J., Lankau, M. J., Amason, A. C., Sonnenfeld, J. A., & Agle, B. R. (2007). Improving the performance of top management teams. Mit Sloan Management Review, 48(3), 85-+. Retrieved from wos:000245862300014
Wetzels, M., Odekerken-Schroder, G., & van Oppen, C. (2009). Using PLS Path Modelling for Assessing Hierarchical Construct Models: Guidelines and Empirical Illustration. Management Information Systems Research Center, 33(1), 177–195.
Wiersema, M. F., & Bantel, K. a. (2010). Top Management Team Demography and. Management, 35(1), 91–121. https://doi.org/10.2307/256474
Yang, L., & Wang, D. (2014). The impacts of top management team characteristics on entrepreneurial strategic orientation: The moderating effects of industrial environment and corporate ownership. Management Decision (Vol. 52). https://doi.org/10.1108/MD-03-2013-0140
Zhang, X., Ma, X., Wang, Y., & Wang, Y. (2014). How can emerging market small and medium-sized enterprises maximise internationalisation benefits? The moderating effect of organisational flexibility. International Small Business Journal, 32(6), 667–692. https://doi.org/10.1177/0266242613503356
Published
2020-06-11
How to Cite
Permana, E., Bambang Purwoko, Sri Widyastuti, Widarto Rachbini, & Achsanul Qosasi. (2020). Analisis Terhadap Diversitas Top Manajeman Tim (TMT) Pada BUMN Holding Di Indonesia. Jurnal Manajemen Dan Keuangan, 8(3), 336-353. https://doi.org/10.33059/jmk.v8i3.2091
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