Learning Organizations and Competitive Advantage as Mediating the Effect of Network Capability on Organizational Performance
Keywords:
Learning Organization, Network Capability, Competitive Advantage.
Abstract
This study aims to test the effect between the Network Capability and Organizational Performance and Learning Organization, with the Competitive Advantage being served as the moderating variable conducted at Small and Medium Enterprises (SME) in Malang city. This study was done by distributing the questioners filled in by the owners and the heads of the small and medium enterprises firms in Malang city. The data was processed using smartpls program. The result shows that the Network Capability directly affects the Organizational Performance, Learning Organization, and Competitive Advantage. Organizational Performance is also directly and positively affected by the Learning Organization and Competitive Advantage. The indirect effect suggests that the Learning Organization and Competitive Advantage are variables that mediate the effect between the Network Capability and Organizational Performance and serve as partial mediation. Based on this study, it is hoped that it gives. This result is expected to give a deeper understanding of the importance of the strategy implementation referring to the resource-based view of the organization. The Network Capability improvement can be a trigger to develop the organization's learning capability, competitive and organizational performance. Practically, is expected to be implemented within an organization to collaborate either with internal or external parties
References
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Aly, W. O. (2016). The Learning Organization: A Foundation to Enhance the Sustainable Competitive Advantage of the Service Sector in Egypt. Journal of Public Management Research, 2(2), 37. https://doi.org/10.5296/jpmr.v2i2.9583
Amin, M. (2015). The effect of entrepreneurship orientation and learning orientation on SMEs’ performance: an SEM-PLS approach. J. for International Business and Entrepreneurship Development, 8(3), 215. https://doi.org/10.1504/jibed.2015.070797
Asyraf, W. M., & Afthanorhan, B. W. (2013). A comparison of partial least square structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) and covariance based structural equation modeling (CB-SEM) for confirmatory factor analysis. International Journal of Engineering Science and Innovative Technology (IJESIT), 2(5), 198–205.
Barney, J. (1991). Firm resources and sustained competitive advantage. Journal of Management, 17(1), 99–120.
Basu, S., & Gupta, R. (2013). Explorations of Strategic Orientation (SO) Dimensions on Small Firm Growth and the Challenge of Resources. European Journal of Business and Management, 5(20), 2222–2839.
Baum, J. A. C., Calabrese, T., & Silverman, B. S. (2000). Dont go it alone: Alliance network composition and startups’ performance in Canadian biotechnology. Strategic Management Journal, 21(3), 267–294. https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1097-0266(200003)21:3<267::AID-SMJ89>3.0.CO;2-8
Chen, Y., Coviello, N., & Ranaweera, C. (2020). How does dynamic network capability operate? A moderated mediation analysis with NPD speed and firm age. Journal of Business and Industrial Marketing, (June). https://doi.org/10.1108/JBIM-01-2020-0050
Deutscher, F., Zapkau, F. B., Schwens, C., Baum, M., & Kabst, R. (2016). Strategic orientations and performance: A configurational perspective. Journal of Business Research, 69(2), 849–861. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2015.07.005
Dyer, J. H., & Singh, H. (1998). The Relational View: Cooperative Strategy and Sources of Interorganizational Competitive Advantage. The Academy of Management Review, 23(4), 660–679. https://doi.org/10.5465/AMR.1998.1255632
Eisenhardt, K. M., & Martin, J. A. (2000). Dynamic capabilities: What Are They? Strategic Management Journal, 21, 1105–1121. https://doi.org/10.1108/ebr-03-2018-0060
Gebauer, H., Worch, H., & Truffer, B. (2012). Absorptive capacity, learning processes and combinative capabilities as determinants of strategic innovation. European Management Journal, 30(1), 57–73. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.emj.2011.10.004
Gulati, R., Nohria, N., & Zaheer, A. (2000). Strategic Networks. Strategic Management, 21, 203–215. https://doi.org/10.1201/9781420031393.ch1
Hair., J., Black, W. C., Babin, B. J., & Anderson, R. E. (2009). Multivariate Data Analysis (Seventh Ed).
Helfat, C. E., & Peteraf, M. A. (2009). Understanding dynamic capabilities: Progress along a developmental path. Strategic Organization, 7(1), 91–102. https://doi.org/10.1177/1476127008100133
Hurley, R. F., & Hult, G. T. M. (1998). Innovation, market orientation, and organizational learning: An integration and empirical examination. Journal of Marketing, 62(3), 42–54. https://doi.org/10.2307/1251742
Hussein, N., Mohamad, A., Noordin, F., & Ishak, N. A. (2014). Learning Organization and its Effect On Organizational Performance and Organizational Innovativeness: A Proposed Framework for Malaysian Public Institutions of Higher Education. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 130, 299–304. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2014.04.035
Jiang, X., Liu, H., Fey, C., & Jiang, F. (2018). Entrepreneurial orientation, network resource acquisition, and firm performance: A network approach. Journal of Business Research, 87(February), 46–57. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2018.02.021
Joseph F. Hair, J., Hult, G. T. M., Ringle, C. M., & Sarstedt, M. (2017). A Primer on Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) (second Edi). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10995-012-1023-x [doi]
Karami, M., & Tang, J. (2019). Entrepreneurial orientation and SME international performance: The mediating role of networking capability and experiential learning. International Small Business Journal: Researching Entrepreneurship, 37(2), 105–124. https://doi.org/10.1177/0266242618807275
Koch, T., & Windsperger, J. (2017). Seeing Through the Network: Competitive Advantage in the Digital Economy. Journal of Organization Design, 6(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s41469-017-0016-z
Kurniawan, R., Manurung, A. H., Hamsal, M., & Kosasih, W. (2020). Orchestrating internal and external resources to achieve agility and performance: the centrality of market orientation. Benchmarking: An International Journal, 1–39. https://doi.org/10.1108/BIJ-05-2020-0229
Lee, C., Lee, K., & Pennings, J. M. (2001). Internal capabilities, external networks, and performance: A study on technology-based ventures. Strategic Management Journal, 22(6–7), 615–640. https://doi.org/10.1002/smj.181
Leufvén, M., Vitrakoti, R., Bergström, A., Ashish, K. C., & Målqvist, M. (2015). Dimensions of Learning Organizations Questionnaire (DLOQ) in a low-resource health care setting in Nepal. Health Research Policy and Systems, 13(1), 1–8. https://doi.org/10.1186/1478-4505-13-6
Lumpkin, G. T., & Dess, G. G. (1996). Clarifying the Entrepreneurial Orientation Construct and Linking It to Performance. The Academy of Management Review, 21(1), 135–172.
Lumpkin, G. T., Wales, W. J., & Ensley, M. D. (2011). Entrepreneurial Orientation Effects on New Venture Performance: the Moderating Role of Venture Age. Academy of Management Proceedings, 2006(1), N1–N6. https://doi.org/10.5465/ambpp.2006.22898263
Marsick, V. J., & Watkins, K. E. (2009). Demonstrating the value of a Organizational Learning Culture: The Dimensions of the Learning Organization Questionnaire. Advances in Developing Human Resources, 5(2), 132–151. https://doi.org/10.1177/1523422303251341
Messersmith, J. G., & Wales, W. J. (2013). Entrepreneurial orientation and performance in young firms: The role of human resource management. International Small Business Journal, 31(2), 115–136. https://doi.org/10.1177/0266242611416141
Mu, J. (2013). Networking capability, new venture performance and entrepreneurial rent. Journal of Research in Marketing and Entrepreneurship, 15(2), 101–123. https://doi.org/10.1108/JRME-06-2012-0011
Mu, J., & Di Benedetto, C. A. (2011). Strategic orientations and new product commercialization: Mediator, moderator, and interplay. R and D Management, 41(4), 337–359. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9310.2011.00650.x
Mu, J., Thomas, E., Peng, G., & Di Benedetto, A. (2017). Strategic orientation and new product development performance: The role of networking capability and networking ability. Industrial Marketing Management, 64, 187–201. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indmarman.2016.09.007
Noble, C. H., Sinha, R. K., & Kumar, A. (2002). Market orientation and alternative strategic orientations: A longitudinal assessment of performance implications. Journal of Marketing, 66(4), 25–39. https://doi.org/10.1509/jmkg.66.4.25.18513
Parida, V., Pesämaa, O., Wincent, J., & Westerberg, M. (2017). Network Capability, Innovativeness, and Performance: A Multidimensional Extension for Entrepreneurship. Entrepreneurship and Regional Development, 29(1–2), 94–115. https://doi.org/10.1080/08985626.2016.1255434
Pedler, M., Boydell, T., & Burgayne, J. (1989). The Learning Company. Studies in Continuing Education, 11(2), 91–104.
Porter, M. E. (1985). Competitive Advantage: Creating and Sustaining Superior Performance.
Rauch, A., Wiklund, J., Lumpkin, G. T., & Frese, M. (2009). Entrepreneurial orientation and business performance: An assessment of past research and suggestions for the future. Entrepreneurship: Theory and Practice, 33(3), 761–787. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-6520.2009.00308.x
Ray, G., Barney, J. B., & Muhanna, W. A. (2004). Capabilities, business processes, and competitive advantage: Choosing the dependent variable in empirical tests of the resource-based view. Strategic Management Journal, 25(1), 23–37. https://doi.org/10.1002/smj.366
Scott L. Newbert. (2008). Value, Rareness, Competitive Advantage, and Performance: A Conceptual-Level Empirical Investigation of The Resources-Based View of the Firm. Strategic Management Journal, 29, 745–768. https://doi.org/10.1002/smj
Senge, P. M., & Kofman, F. (1993). Communities of commitment: the heart of learning organizations. Organizational Dynamics, 22(2), 5–23. Retrieved from http://www.sciencedirect.com.ezproxy.uct.ac.za/science/article/pii/009026169390050B
Teece, D., & Pisano, G. (1994). The Dynamic Capabilities of Firms : an Introduction. Industrial and Corporate Change, Vol. 3, pp. 537–557. Retrieved from http://icc.oxfordjournals.org
Tenenhaus, M., Vinzi, V. E., Chatelin, Y. M., & Lauro, C. (2005). PLS path modeling. Computational Statistics and Data Analysis, 48(1), 159–205. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.csda.2004.03.005
Tuan, N. P., & Yoshi, T. (2010). Organisational Capabilities , Competitive Advantage and Performance in Supporting Industries in Vietnam. Asian Academy of Management Journal, 15(1), 1–21.
Vesalainen, J., & Hakala, H. (2014). Strategic capability architecture: The role of network capability. Industrial Marketing Management, 43(6), 938–950. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indmarman.2014.05.008
Walter, A., Auer, M., & Ritter, T. (2006). The impact of network capabilities and entrepreneurial orientation on university spin-off performance. Journal of Business Venturing, 21(4), 541–567. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusvent.2005.02.005
XU, X. (2019). Network Orientation, Dynamic Capability and New Enterprise Performance. 3rd International Conference on Advanced Education and Management Science (AEMS 2019), 114–118. https://doi.org/10.12783/dtssehs/aems2019/33528
Yang, B., Watkins, K. E., & Marsick, V. J. (2004). The Construct of the Learning Organization: Dimensions, Measurement, and Validation. Human Resource Development Quarterly, 15(1), 31–55.
Zacca, R., Dayan, M., & Ahrens, T. (2015). Impact of network capability on small business performance. Management Decision, 53(1), 2–23. https://doi.org/10.1108/MD-11-2013-0587
Zhang, D., Zhang, Z., & Yang, B. (2004). Learning organization in mainland China: empirical research on its application to Chinese state-owned enterprises. International Journal of Training and Development, 8(4), 258–273. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1360-3736.2004.00213.x
Zhao, Y., Li, Y., Lee, S. H., & Chen, L. B. (2011). Entrepreneurial Orientation, Organizational Learning, and Performance: Evidence From China. Entrepreneurship: Theory and Practice, 35(2), 293–317. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-6520.2009.00359.x
Adler, P. S., & Kwon, S. W. (2002). Social capital: Prospects for a new concept. Academy of Management Review, 27(1), 17–40. https://doi.org/10.5465/AMR.2002.5922314
Aly, W. O. (2016). The Learning Organization: A Foundation to Enhance the Sustainable Competitive Advantage of the Service Sector in Egypt. Journal of Public Management Research, 2(2), 37. https://doi.org/10.5296/jpmr.v2i2.9583
Amin, M. (2015). The effect of entrepreneurship orientation and learning orientation on SMEs’ performance: an SEM-PLS approach. J. for International Business and Entrepreneurship Development, 8(3), 215. https://doi.org/10.1504/jibed.2015.070797
Asyraf, W. M., & Afthanorhan, B. W. (2013). A comparison of partial least square structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) and covariance based structural equation modeling (CB-SEM) for confirmatory factor analysis. International Journal of Engineering Science and Innovative Technology (IJESIT), 2(5), 198–205.
Barney, J. (1991). Firm resources and sustained competitive advantage. Journal of Management, 17(1), 99–120.
Basu, S., & Gupta, R. (2013). Explorations of Strategic Orientation (SO) Dimensions on Small Firm Growth and the Challenge of Resources. European Journal of Business and Management, 5(20), 2222–2839.
Baum, J. A. C., Calabrese, T., & Silverman, B. S. (2000). Dont go it alone: Alliance network composition and startups’ performance in Canadian biotechnology. Strategic Management Journal, 21(3), 267–294. https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1097-0266(200003)21:3<267::AID-SMJ89>3.0.CO;2-8
Chen, Y., Coviello, N., & Ranaweera, C. (2020). How does dynamic network capability operate? A moderated mediation analysis with NPD speed and firm age. Journal of Business and Industrial Marketing, (June). https://doi.org/10.1108/JBIM-01-2020-0050
Deutscher, F., Zapkau, F. B., Schwens, C., Baum, M., & Kabst, R. (2016). Strategic orientations and performance: A configurational perspective. Journal of Business Research, 69(2), 849–861. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2015.07.005
Dyer, J. H., & Singh, H. (1998). The Relational View: Cooperative Strategy and Sources of Interorganizational Competitive Advantage. The Academy of Management Review, 23(4), 660–679. https://doi.org/10.5465/AMR.1998.1255632
Eisenhardt, K. M., & Martin, J. A. (2000). Dynamic capabilities: What Are They? Strategic Management Journal, 21, 1105–1121. https://doi.org/10.1108/ebr-03-2018-0060
Gebauer, H., Worch, H., & Truffer, B. (2012). Absorptive capacity, learning processes and combinative capabilities as determinants of strategic innovation. European Management Journal, 30(1), 57–73. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.emj.2011.10.004
Gulati, R., Nohria, N., & Zaheer, A. (2000). Strategic Networks. Strategic Management, 21, 203–215. https://doi.org/10.1201/9781420031393.ch1
Hair., J., Black, W. C., Babin, B. J., & Anderson, R. E. (2009). Multivariate Data Analysis (Seventh Ed).
Helfat, C. E., & Peteraf, M. A. (2009). Understanding dynamic capabilities: Progress along a developmental path. Strategic Organization, 7(1), 91–102. https://doi.org/10.1177/1476127008100133
Hurley, R. F., & Hult, G. T. M. (1998). Innovation, market orientation, and organizational learning: An integration and empirical examination. Journal of Marketing, 62(3), 42–54. https://doi.org/10.2307/1251742
Hussein, N., Mohamad, A., Noordin, F., & Ishak, N. A. (2014). Learning Organization and its Effect On Organizational Performance and Organizational Innovativeness: A Proposed Framework for Malaysian Public Institutions of Higher Education. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 130, 299–304. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2014.04.035
Jiang, X., Liu, H., Fey, C., & Jiang, F. (2018). Entrepreneurial orientation, network resource acquisition, and firm performance: A network approach. Journal of Business Research, 87(February), 46–57. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2018.02.021
Joseph F. Hair, J., Hult, G. T. M., Ringle, C. M., & Sarstedt, M. (2017). A Primer on Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) (second Edi). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10995-012-1023-x [doi]
Karami, M., & Tang, J. (2019). Entrepreneurial orientation and SME international performance: The mediating role of networking capability and experiential learning. International Small Business Journal: Researching Entrepreneurship, 37(2), 105–124. https://doi.org/10.1177/0266242618807275
Koch, T., & Windsperger, J. (2017). Seeing Through the Network: Competitive Advantage in the Digital Economy. Journal of Organization Design, 6(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s41469-017-0016-z
Kurniawan, R., Manurung, A. H., Hamsal, M., & Kosasih, W. (2020). Orchestrating internal and external resources to achieve agility and performance: the centrality of market orientation. Benchmarking: An International Journal, 1–39. https://doi.org/10.1108/BIJ-05-2020-0229
Lee, C., Lee, K., & Pennings, J. M. (2001). Internal capabilities, external networks, and performance: A study on technology-based ventures. Strategic Management Journal, 22(6–7), 615–640. https://doi.org/10.1002/smj.181
Leufvén, M., Vitrakoti, R., Bergström, A., Ashish, K. C., & Målqvist, M. (2015). Dimensions of Learning Organizations Questionnaire (DLOQ) in a low-resource health care setting in Nepal. Health Research Policy and Systems, 13(1), 1–8. https://doi.org/10.1186/1478-4505-13-6
Lumpkin, G. T., & Dess, G. G. (1996). Clarifying the Entrepreneurial Orientation Construct and Linking It to Performance. The Academy of Management Review, 21(1), 135–172.
Lumpkin, G. T., Wales, W. J., & Ensley, M. D. (2011). Entrepreneurial Orientation Effects on New Venture Performance: the Moderating Role of Venture Age. Academy of Management Proceedings, 2006(1), N1–N6. https://doi.org/10.5465/ambpp.2006.22898263
Marsick, V. J., & Watkins, K. E. (2009). Demonstrating the value of a Organizational Learning Culture: The Dimensions of the Learning Organization Questionnaire. Advances in Developing Human Resources, 5(2), 132–151. https://doi.org/10.1177/1523422303251341
Messersmith, J. G., & Wales, W. J. (2013). Entrepreneurial orientation and performance in young firms: The role of human resource management. International Small Business Journal, 31(2), 115–136. https://doi.org/10.1177/0266242611416141
Mu, J. (2013). Networking capability, new venture performance and entrepreneurial rent. Journal of Research in Marketing and Entrepreneurship, 15(2), 101–123. https://doi.org/10.1108/JRME-06-2012-0011
Mu, J., & Di Benedetto, C. A. (2011). Strategic orientations and new product commercialization: Mediator, moderator, and interplay. R and D Management, 41(4), 337–359. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9310.2011.00650.x
Mu, J., Thomas, E., Peng, G., & Di Benedetto, A. (2017). Strategic orientation and new product development performance: The role of networking capability and networking ability. Industrial Marketing Management, 64, 187–201. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indmarman.2016.09.007
Noble, C. H., Sinha, R. K., & Kumar, A. (2002). Market orientation and alternative strategic orientations: A longitudinal assessment of performance implications. Journal of Marketing, 66(4), 25–39. https://doi.org/10.1509/jmkg.66.4.25.18513
Parida, V., Pesämaa, O., Wincent, J., & Westerberg, M. (2017). Network Capability, Innovativeness, and Performance: A Multidimensional Extension for Entrepreneurship. Entrepreneurship and Regional Development, 29(1–2), 94–115. https://doi.org/10.1080/08985626.2016.1255434
Pedler, M., Boydell, T., & Burgayne, J. (1989). The Learning Company. Studies in Continuing Education, 11(2), 91–104.
Porter, M. E. (1985). Competitive Advantage: Creating and Sustaining Superior Performance.
Rauch, A., Wiklund, J., Lumpkin, G. T., & Frese, M. (2009). Entrepreneurial orientation and business performance: An assessment of past research and suggestions for the future. Entrepreneurship: Theory and Practice, 33(3), 761–787. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-6520.2009.00308.x
Ray, G., Barney, J. B., & Muhanna, W. A. (2004). Capabilities, business processes, and competitive advantage: Choosing the dependent variable in empirical tests of the resource-based view. Strategic Management Journal, 25(1), 23–37. https://doi.org/10.1002/smj.366
Scott L. Newbert. (2008). Value, Rareness, Competitive Advantage, and Performance: A Conceptual-Level Empirical Investigation of The Resources-Based View of the Firm. Strategic Management Journal, 29, 745–768. https://doi.org/10.1002/smj
Senge, P. M., & Kofman, F. (1993). Communities of commitment: the heart of learning organizations. Organizational Dynamics, 22(2), 5–23. Retrieved from http://www.sciencedirect.com.ezproxy.uct.ac.za/science/article/pii/009026169390050B
Teece, D., & Pisano, G. (1994). The Dynamic Capabilities of Firms : an Introduction. Industrial and Corporate Change, Vol. 3, pp. 537–557. Retrieved from http://icc.oxfordjournals.org
Tenenhaus, M., Vinzi, V. E., Chatelin, Y. M., & Lauro, C. (2005). PLS path modeling. Computational Statistics and Data Analysis, 48(1), 159–205. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.csda.2004.03.005
Tuan, N. P., & Yoshi, T. (2010). Organisational Capabilities , Competitive Advantage and Performance in Supporting Industries in Vietnam. Asian Academy of Management Journal, 15(1), 1–21.
Vesalainen, J., & Hakala, H. (2014). Strategic capability architecture: The role of network capability. Industrial Marketing Management, 43(6), 938–950. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indmarman.2014.05.008
Walter, A., Auer, M., & Ritter, T. (2006). The impact of network capabilities and entrepreneurial orientation on university spin-off performance. Journal of Business Venturing, 21(4), 541–567. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusvent.2005.02.005
XU, X. (2019). Network Orientation, Dynamic Capability and New Enterprise Performance. 3rd International Conference on Advanced Education and Management Science (AEMS 2019), 114–118. https://doi.org/10.12783/dtssehs/aems2019/33528
Yang, B., Watkins, K. E., & Marsick, V. J. (2004). The Construct of the Learning Organization: Dimensions, Measurement, and Validation. Human Resource Development Quarterly, 15(1), 31–55.
Zacca, R., Dayan, M., & Ahrens, T. (2015). Impact of network capability on small business performance. Management Decision, 53(1), 2–23. https://doi.org/10.1108/MD-11-2013-0587
Zhang, D., Zhang, Z., & Yang, B. (2004). Learning organization in mainland China: empirical research on its application to Chinese state-owned enterprises. International Journal of Training and Development, 8(4), 258–273. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1360-3736.2004.00213.x
Zhao, Y., Li, Y., Lee, S. H., & Chen, L. B. (2011). Entrepreneurial Orientation, Organizational Learning, and Performance: Evidence From China. Entrepreneurship: Theory and Practice, 35(2), 293–317. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-6520.2009.00359.x
Published
2022-11-30
How to Cite
Bunyamin, B., & Kadarusman, K. (2022). Learning Organizations and Competitive Advantage as Mediating the Effect of Network Capability on Organizational Performance. Jurnal Manajemen Dan Keuangan, 11(2), 157 - 175. https://doi.org/10.33059/jmk.v11i2.4875
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