PHYSICAL SELF-CONCEPT AND SERVE ACCURACY AND THEIR ASSOCIATION WITH TRAINING EXPERIENCE AMONG SPECIALIZED VOLLEYBALL SCHOOL PLAYERS IN BASRAH

Farqad Farhan Hameed; Riyadh Ali Muhsin

Farqad Farhan Hameed General Directorate of Education in Basrah, Ministry of Education, IRAQ
Riyadh Ali Muhsin General Directorate of Education in Basrah, Ministry of Education, IRAQ

Keywords: Physical Self-Concept, Serve Volleyball, Training Experience

Abstract

Background. The concept of physical self-concept represents a psychological construct that reflects an athlete’s perceptions of their physical abilities and motor skills. Psychological literature affirms that this concept directly influences athletic behavior and skill acquisition. Objectives. This study aimed to examine the relationship between physical self-concept and serve accuracy, and their association with training experience among players at the specialized volleyball school in Basrah. Research methods. The researcher adopted the descriptive correlational method. The sample consisted of 12 players, divided into three groups based on their years of training experience (3 years, 2 years, and 1 year). A physical self-concept scale was developed according to sport psychology literature, and the Serve Accuracy Test (Costa et al., 2024) was utilized. Results. The results indicated a strong and statistically significant positive correlation between physical self-concept and serve accuracy. Moreover, a one-way ANOVA revealed significant differences in both variables according to players’ training experience. Conclusion. Players with greater experience three years scored higher in both physical self-concept and serve accuracy, confirming the cumulative impact of training experience on enhancing physical and technical performance. The study recommends incorporating physical self-concept assessment into training programs due to its role in enhancing skill performance.

References

Akintuyi, O. B. (2024). Adaptive AI in precision agriculture: a review: investigating the use of self-learning algorithms in optimizing farm operations based on real-time data. Research Journal of Multidisciplinary Studies, 7(02), 16–30.

Cronin, L., Ellison, P., Allen, J., Huntley, E., Johnson, L., Kosteli, M. C., Hollis, A., & Marchant, D. (2022). A self-determination theory based investigation of life skills development in youth sport. Journal of Sports Sciences, 40(8), 886–898.

Cruz, R. (2024). Enhancing Mini Volleyball Forearm Passing Performance with Small-Sided Games and Drill Practice. British Journal of Multidisciplinary and Advanced Studies: Education, Learning, Training & Development, 5(1), 148–160.

de Azevedo Sodré Silva, A., Sassi, L. B., Martins, T. B., de Menezes, F. S., Migliorini, F., Maffulli, N., & Okubo, R. (2023). Epidemiology of injuries in young volleyball athletes: a systematic review. Journal of Orthopaedic Surgery and Research, 18(1), 748.

de Oliveira Castro, H., Laporta, L., Lima, R., Clemente, F., Afonso, J., Aguiar, S., Ribeiro, A., & Costa, G. de C. T. (2022). Small-sided games in volleyball: A systematic review of the state of the art. Biology of Sport, 39(4), 995–1010.

Dupri, D., Candra, O., & Nazirun, N. (2021). The Implementation of Mini Volleyball in Physical Education to Increase Students’ Creative Thinking Ability. International Journal of Human Movement and Sports Sciences, 9(4A), 89–93.

Frey, B. S., & Gullo, A. (2021). Does sports make people happier, or do happy people more sports? Journal of Sports Economics, 22(4), 432–458.

Gueta, M. F., & Janer, S. S. (2021). Distance learning challenges on the use of self-learning module. United International Journal for Research & Technology, 2(07), 58–71.

Ihsan, N., Mario, D. T., & Mardesia, P. (2023). The effect of learning methods and motor skills on the learning outcomes of basic techniques in volleyball. Journal of Physical Education and Sport, 23(9), 2453–2460.

Klocek, O. (2023). Psychomotor determinants of children’s sports talent for team sports: a case study of mini-volleyball athletes.

Mahedero, M. P., Calderón, A., Hastie, P., & Arias-Estero, J. L. (2021). Grouping students by skill level in mini-volleyball: Effect on game performance and knowledge in sport education. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 128(4), 1851–1871.

Miguel, M., Oliveira, R., Loureiro, N., García-Rubio, J., & Ibáñez, S. J. (2021). Load measures in training/match monitoring in soccer: A systematic review. In International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health (Vol. 18, Issue 5, pp. 1–26). MDPI AG. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18052721

Mutair, M., & Al-Krizi, H. (2025). Constructing a psychological exhaustion scale for iraqi premier league football clubs and its relationship to negative emotional behavior for 2024-2025 sports season. Journal Olahraga ReKat (Rekreasi Masyarakat (Vol. 4, Issue 1).

Naser, H. R. (2019). Evaluating training programs according to some chemical and physical indicators among volleyball players in Iraq. University of Baghdad.

Nova, A., Hamzah, M. A., Sinulingga, A. R., & Firmansyah, G. (2021). The Level Of Anxiety’s Referees Of Langsa (Football Association Of Indonesia) When Enforcing The Laws Of The Game During A Match. Jp.Jok (Jurnal Pendidikan Jasmani, Olahraga Dan Kesehatan), 4(2), 224–234. https://doi.org/10.33503/jp.jok.v4i2.1688

Oliinyk, I., Doroshenko, E., Melnyk, M., Tyshchenko, V., & Shamardin, V. (2021). Modern approaches to analysis of technical and tactical actions of skilled volleyball players. Teorìâ Ta Metodika Fìzičnogo Vihovannâ, 21(3), 235–243.

Septiana, R. A., & Supriadi, D. (2022). Students’ Motivation in Volleyball Extracurricular Activity During The Covid 19 Pandemic. IPEC, 1(1), 20–23.

Sumantri, R. J., Afandi, R., Wati, Y. E. R., Mudayat, M., & Syarif, A. (2023). Improving Volleyball Bottom Passing Learning Results Through Playing Ball Throwing. Champions: Education Journal of Sport, Health, and Recreation, 1(3), 24–30.

Wibowo, Y. A., Sugiyanto, S., Kristiyanto, A., & Riyadi, S. (2022). Elementary Physical Education Teachers’ Profile and Perception of The Mini Volley Ball Learning Model. Conference on Interdisciplinary Approach in Sports in Conjunction with the 4th Yogyakarta International Seminar on Health, Physical Education, and Sport Science (COIS-YISHPESS 2021), 44–48.

Wulandari, I., Arnando, M., Jatra, R., & Resky, A. I. (2021). The Effect Arm Muscle Explosive Power and Self Confidence to Speed of Service. Jurnal MensSana, 6(2), 109–117.

Yang, N., Yang, C., Xing, C., Ye, D., Jia, J., Chen, D., Shen, X., Huang, Y., Zhang, L., & Zhu, B. (2022). Deep learning‐based SCUC decision‐making: An intelligent data‐driven approach with self‐learning capabilities. IET Generation, Transmission & Distribution, 16(4), 629–640.

Zainudin, M., Destriani, D., & Syafaruddin, S. (2024). Mini volleyball games using plastic balls improve passing learning outcomes for grade IV elementary school. Multilateral: Jurnal Pendidikan Jasmani Dan Olahraga, 23(3), 175–185.

Zhang, J., Zhu, R., & Ohn-Bar, E. (2022). SelfD: Self-learning large-scale driving policies from the web. Proceedings of the IEEE/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, 17316–17326.