Keputusan Pekerja Lansia tetap Bekerja Pascapensiun dan Kaitannya dengan Kebahagiaan
Abstract
This study aims to determine the contribution of pension insurance, health needs, and type of work to the decision of elderly workers to continue working post-retirement and its relationship with happiness. The Indonesian Family Life Survey (IFLS) 2007 and IFLS 2014 were used as data, with an analysis unit of workers aged 52-65 years old in 2007. The analysis used is binary logistic regression and the Wilcoxon sign rank test. Pension insurance and work in the type of work with a large concentration demands a negative effect on the tendency of the elderly to continue working. Health care needs are fulfilled and work in the type of work with great physical demands has a positive effect on the tendency of the elderly to work. There is a difference in the level of happiness in the elderly when they are still actively working with when they are not working.
References
Adioetomo, S. M., Cicih, L. H. M., Asmanedi, & Toersilaningsih, S. (2018). Menjadi Lansia: Antara Anugerah dan Tantangan. In S. M. Adioetomo & E. L. Pardede (Eds.), Memetik Bonus Demografi Membangun Manusia Sejak Dini (1st ed., pp. 295–335). Rajawali Press.
Badan Pusat Statistik. (2017). Indeks Kebahagiaan 2017. Badan Pusat Statistik.
Berglund, T., Seldén, D., & Halleröd, B. (2017). Factors Affecting Prolonged Working Life for the Older Workforce: the Swedish Case . In Nordic Journal of Working Life Studies (Vol. 7, Issue 1, p. 19). Nordic Journal of Working Life Studies . https://doi.org/10.18291/njwls.v7i1.81396
Borjas. (2010). Labor Economics (5th ed.). Mc-Graw-Hill/Irwin.
Elovainio, M., Forma, P., Kivimäki, M., Sinervo, T., Sutinen, R., & Laine, M. (2005). Job demands and job control as correlates of early retirement thoughts in Finnish social and health care employees . In Work & Stress (Vol. 19, Issue 1, pp. 84–92). Taylor & Francis Group . https://doi.org/10.1080/02678370500084623
Evers, G., & Ester, P. (2013). The Ageing workforce, human capital and the Bermuda triangle: an interdependent analysis. In Older Workers in an Ageing Society. Edward Elgar Publishing.
Friedberg, L. (2000). The Labor Supply Effects of the Social Security Earnings Test . In The Review of Economics and Statistics (Vol. 82, Issue 1, pp. 48–63). MIT Press . https://doi.org/10.1162/003465300558623
Gobeski, K. T., & Beehr, T. A. (2009). How retirees work: predictors of different types of bridge employment. In Journal of Organizational Behavior (Vol. 30, Issue 3, pp. 401–425). John Wiley & Sons. https://doi.org/10.1002/job.547
Gray, R. S., Rukumnuaykit, P., Kittisuksathit, S., & Thongthai, V. (2008). Inner Happiness Among Thai Elderly . In Journal of Cross-Cultural Gerontology (Vol. 23, Issue 3, pp. 211–224). Springer US . https://doi.org/10.1007/s10823-008-9065-7
Hansson, R. O., Dekoekkoek, P. D., Neece, W. M., & Patterson, D. W. (1997). Successful Aging at Work: Annual Review, 1992–1996: The Older Worker and Transitions to Retirement . In Journal of Vocational Behavior (Vol. 51, Issue 2, pp. 202–233). Elsevier Inc . https://doi.org/10.1006/jvbe.1997.1605
Henkens, K. (1999). Retirement intentions and spousal support: a multi-actor approach . In The journals of gerontology. Series B, Psychological sciences and social sciences (Vol. 54, Issue 2, pp. S63–S73). Gerontological Society of America . https://doi.org/10.1093/geronb/54B.2.S63
Kaufman, J. E. (1984). A study of leisure satisfaction, leisure participation, and patterns of leisure activity in relationship to anxiety levels in retirees. Dissertation Abstracts International, A (Humanities and Social Sciences), 45(6).
Larsen, M., & Pedersen, P. J. (2013). To work, to retire – or both? Labor market activity after 60 . In IZA Journal of European Labor Studies (Vol. 2, Issue 1, pp. 1–20). Springer Berlin Heidelberg . https://doi.org/10.1186/2193-9012-2-21
Masyitah, S. M., & Eliana. (2019). Model Peningkatan Loyalitas Kerja Dosen PTS Menggunakan Structural Equation Modeling. Jurnal Samudra Ekonomi Dan Bisnis, 10, 179–192.
Morrison, M. H. (1986). Work and Retirement in an Aging Society. In Daedalus (Vol. 115, Issue 1, pp. 269–293). American Academy of Arts and Sciences.
Mutchler, J. E., Burr, J. A., Pienta, A. M., & Massagli, M. P. (1997). Pathways to labor force exit: work transitions and work instability . In The journals of gerontology. Series B, Psychological sciences and social sciences (Vol. 52B, Issue 1, pp. S4–S12). Gerontological Society of America . https://doi.org/10.1093/geronb/52B.1.S4
Nachrowi, D. N., & Usman, H. (2002). Penggunaan Teknik Ekonometri. Rajawali Press.
Oerlemans, W. G. M., Bakker, A. B., & Veenhoven, R. (2011). Finding the key to happy aging : a day reconstruction study of happiness . In The journals of gerontology. Series B, Psychological sciences and social sciences (Vol. 66B, Issue 6, pp. 665–674). Oxford University Press . https://doi.org/10.1093/geronb/gbr040
Qian, Y., & Qian, Z. (2015). Work, Familiy, and Gendered Happiness Among Married People in Urban China. Social Indicators Research, 121, 61–74.
Radl, J. (2013). Retirement Timing and Social Stratification: A Comparative Study of Labor Market Exit and Age Norms in Western Europe. Walter de Gruyter GmbH.
Riyanto, & Wikarya, U. (2018). Statistika Ekonomi dan Bisnis (1st ed.). Mitra Wacana Media.
Roebuck, J. (1979). When Does "Old Age Begin?: The Evolution of the English Definition . In Journal of Social History (Vol. 12, Issue 3, pp. 416–428). Carnegie-Mellon University . https://doi.org/10.1353/jsh/12.3.416
Ropik, A. (2013). Faktor-faktor yang memengaruhi lansia bekerja menurut lapangan pekerjaan (Analisis data susenas 2013). Universitas Indonesia.
United Nations. (2019). Population Data. World Population Prospect 2019. https://population.un.org/wpp/Download/Standard/Population/
United Nations Population Fund, & Help Age International. (2012). Ageing in the Twenty-First Century : A celebration and A Challenge. UNFPA.
Vodopivec, M., & Arunatilake, N. (2011). Population Aging and Labour Market Participation of Old Workers in Sri Lanka . In Journal of Population Ageing (Vol. 4, Issue 3, pp. 141–163). Springer Netherlands . https://doi.org/10.1007/s12062-011-9045-5
Von Bonsdorff, M. E., Shultz, K. S., Leskinen, E., & Tansky, J. (2009). The Choice between Retirement and Bridge Employment: A Continuity Theory and Life Course Perspective . In The International Journal of Aging and Human Development (Vol. 69, Issue 2, pp. 79–100). SAGE Publications . https://doi.org/10.2190/AG.69.2.a
Wise, D. A., & Lumsdaine, R. L. (2019). Aging and Labor Force Participation: A Review of Trends and Explanations. In Aging in the United States and Japan (pp. 7–42). University of Chicago Press. https://doi.org/10.7208/9780226590219-003
World Health Organization. (2002). Active aging a Policy Framework.













