Comparative Effectiveness of the Job Creation Law and Law Number 32 of 2009 in the Enforcement of Environmental Crime Laws: Challenges and Opportunities in the Era of Sustainable Development

Abstrak

This study focuses on comparing the effectiveness of the Job Creation Law (Omnibus Law) and Law Number 32 of 2009 on Environmental Protection and Management in enforcing environmental crime regulations in Indonesia, with particular emphasis on the challenges and opportunities arising in the era of sustainable development. A qualitative research method was employed, involving the analysis of data collected from various sources, including interviews, policy documents, and literature reviews. The findings reveal that the Job Creation Law, which was enacted to promote investment and economic growth, often tends to weaken environmental regulatory safeguards, resulting in significant ecological degradation. There is a growing tendency for investment interests to prevail over environmental protection, leading to weaker law enforcement and an increase in violations of existing environmental regulations. Furthermore, the challenges in environmental law enforcement are driven by investment acceleration policies, weak rule of law, and the persistent gap between economic interests and environmental protection objectives. This study contributes to the development of legal scholarship by offering a new perspective on the interaction between economic policy and environmental law enforcement, while emphasizing the importance of harmonizing these two dimensions to achieve sustainability. The limitations of this research include its exclusive focus on the Indonesian context and the potential for subjective bias in interview-based data. Future research may expand the comparative scope to other jurisdictions and further explore the role of public participation in environmental law enforcement. The findings are expected to provide constructive recommendations for policymakers and stakeholders in designing more effective and sustainable regulatory frameworks. Ultimately, this study demonstrates that maintaining a balance between economic growth and environmental protection is essential for achieving sustainable development in Indonesia